Penicillin was being mass-produced and advertised by 1944.
That antibiotic mold turned out to be the fungus Penicillium, and over the next two decades, chemists purified it and developed the drug penicillin, which fights a huge number of bacterial infections in humans without harming the humans themselves. The sample had become contaminated with a mold, and everywhere the mold was, the bacteria was dead. In 1928, the Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a bacteria-filled Petri dish in his laboratory with its lid accidentally ajar. It's one of the most famous discovery stories in history.
Alexander Fleming pictured in his laboratory (Image credit: Bettmann / Contributor)
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